Tattoo pigments differ significantly in their optical absorption. Each color absorbs light preferentially in certain wavelength ranges of the visible and near-infrared spectrum (approx. 420–800 nm). This property is crucial for selecting the appropriate laser for tattoo removal.
Pigments absorb laser light depending on their chemical composition, particle size, and the way they reflect or absorb light. The absorbed light is converted into heat and mechanical energy in the pigment, causing the tattoo colors to fragment. The aim of this physical principle is to destroy the pigments as effectively as possible without causing unnecessary damage to the surrounding tissue.
| Tattoo ink | Dominant absorption range | Suitable/typical laser wavelengths | Treatability |
| ———————————— | ——————————————————- | ————————————————- ————— | —————————- |
| Violet/blue | approx. 420–450 nm | 445 nm, 532 nm (limited) | moderate |
| Green | approx. 480–530 nm | 532 nm, 694 nm | good |
| Yellow | approx. 560–590 nm | no optimal wavelengths | very difficult |
| Orange | approx. 580–620 nm | 532 nm | moderate |
| Red | approx. 620–700 nm | 532 nm | good |
| Brown | Broadband absorption | 532 nm, 755 nm | Good |
| Black / Dark blue | Broad spectrum 600–800 nm | 694 nm, 755 nm, 1064 nm | Very good |
| White (TiO₂) | strong reflection / low absorption | hardly or not laser-compatible | not suitable |
⚠️ Yellow, white, and pastel-colored pigments show very low absorption and are therefore particularly resistant to treatment.
The wavelength range from approximately 420 to 700 nm corresponds to visible light, while the range from 700 to 800 nm is classified as near infrared. Shorter wavelengths are characterized by higher absorption in the pigments, but have a lower penetration depth into the skin and are associated with an increased risk of epidermal side effects. Longer wavelengths penetrate deeper into the tissue, are less strongly absorbed by melanin, and are therefore particularly suitable for the treatment of dark pigments.
Melanin exhibits strong absorption in the short-wave range between approximately 400 and 600 nm, while hemoglobin has characteristic absorption maxima, particularly at 418, 542, and 577 nm. This means that the use of shorter wavelengths carries an increased risk of undesirable side effects. This is particularly true for darker skin types according to Fitzpatrick (IV–VI), where special care must be taken when selecting the laser wavelength due to the higher melanin content.
Each tattoo requires an individually tailored laser wavelength. At BellaDerma, we provide you with personal and expert advice to help you choose the optimal and safest treatment method for your tattoo removal.
In a free, no-obligation consultation, we analyze tattoo colors, skin type, and treatment goals and create a personalized treatment plan based on medical and scientific principles.
Phone: 030 / 88 92 92 20 Email: mail@belladerma.de
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